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Thm (Diskussion | Beiträge) (→Anleitung für einen schnell zusammengebauten Sensor-Knoten mit LoRa-Interface) |
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(13 dazwischenliegende Versionen von einem Benutzer werden nicht angezeigt) | |||
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= Anleitung für einen schnell zusammengebauten Sensor-Knoten mit LoRa-Interface = | = Anleitung für einen schnell zusammengebauten Sensor-Knoten mit LoRa-Interface = | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Hintergrund == | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Projekt LoRa]] | ||
== Hardware-Stückliste == | == Hardware-Stückliste == | ||
− | + | [[Datei:esp32lora.jpg|mini|ESP32 mit LoRa Transceiver, WLAN]] | |
− | + | [[Datei:mq135.jpg|mini|Luftgütesensor MQ-135 mit AD-Wandler ADS1115 auf Breadboard]] | |
− | + | [[Datei:airquali.jpg|mini|Gesamtaufbau (Der separate AD-Wandler ist nötig, da der AD-Wandler auf dem Board nur maximal 3,3V verträgt.)]] | |
− | + | ||
− | + | {| class="wikitable" | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | ! Name !! Regierungszeit !! Beschaffung | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | | Ein auf der [https://www.espressif.com/en/products/hardware/esp32/overview ESP32-Architektur] basierendes Developer Board mit LoRa-Funkmodul ([https://www.heise.de/make/artikel/Grosser-Bruder-Espressif-ESP32-3256039.html Detaillierte Vorstellung bei Heise]), am besten mit OLED-Display, in Europa sind die Frequenzen um 433MHz oder 868MHz möglich. Unser erster Gateway arbeitet auf 868MHz. || Preise je nach Quelle zwischen 10 USD und 35 EUR. || | |
− | + | * http://www.heltec.cn/project/wifi-lora-32/ | |
− | + | * https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B078M74NNN/ https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B076T28KWG/ | |
− | + | * https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/t/big-esp32-sx127x-topic-part-1/10247 | |
− | + | * https://de.aliexpress.com/item/ESP32-0-96-Inch-Blue-OLED-Display-Bluetooth-WIFI-CP2102-LoRa-Kit-32-Module-Internet-Development/32840325780.html | |
− | + | |- | |
+ | | Sensor - wir wählen hier einen MQ-135, der eine recht allgemeine Aussage zur Luftqualität liefert (Benzol, Alkohol, Rauch, Ammoniak, Sulfide, Aromaten) || Ab 2 EUR beim Chinesen || | ||
+ | * https://wiki.c3re.de/index.php/Umweltmessnetz/Sensorstation | ||
+ | * https://de.aliexpress.com/item/New-MQ135-MQ-135-Air-Quality-Sensor-Hazardous-Gas-Detection-Module-For-Arduino-M2-PromotionHot-New/32502221002.html | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/dp/B06Y53QNP3/ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ADS1115 AD-Wandler mit I2C (eigentlich könnte das Developer-Board AD-Wandeln auch direkt selbst, aber der oben beschriebene Typ verträgt nur 3,3V am Eingang und der MQ-135 liefert zwischen 0 und 5V am Ausgang, je nach Konzentration) || ca. 10 EUR || | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B01N8ODF5C/ | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B01M0P86J9/ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Optional Breadboard und Kabel für Versuchsaufbau || ca. 10 EUR || | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/Jumper-Wire-Mit-Breadboard-Female-Female/dp/B073X7GZ1P/ | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/Elegoo-Breadboard-Solderless-Distribution-Verbindungsblöcke/dp/B01MCRZFE5/ | ||
+ | * https://www.amazon.de/Elegoo-Female-Female-Male-Female-Steckbrücken-Drahtbrücken-bunt/dp/B01EV70C78/ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
== Entwicklungsumgebung einrichten == | == Entwicklungsumgebung einrichten == | ||
− | * | + | * Arduino IDE. Das hier verwendete Entwicklungs-Board mit ESP32 lässt sich unter anderem mittels Arduino IDE programmieren |
+ | ** https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software | ||
+ | * Eventuell braucht das entsprechende Betriebssystem einen Treiber für den auf dem Entwicklungs-Board vorhandenen USB-Serial-Converter | ||
+ | ** https://www.silabs.com/products/development-tools/software/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers | ||
+ | * Arduino Core API für ESP32 installieren | ||
+ | ** https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32 | ||
+ | * In der Arduino IDE Treiber fürs Board installieren | ||
== Software == | == Software == | ||
+ | |||
+ | * C-Code (Arduino-Style) zum Auslesen des Sensors und Versenden des Ergebnisses per LoRaWAN | ||
+ | |||
+ | #include <Arduino.h> | ||
+ | #include <U8g2lib.h> | ||
+ | //https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | #include "esp_system.h" | ||
+ | |||
+ | #include <lmic.h> | ||
+ | #include <hal/hal.h> | ||
+ | #include <SPI.h> | ||
+ | |||
+ | #include <Wire.h> | ||
+ | |||
+ | #include <Adafruit_ADS1015.h> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Adafruit_ADS1115 ads; /* Use this for the 16-bit version */ | ||
+ | |||
+ | // LoRaWAN NwkSKey, network session key | ||
+ | // This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the prototype TTN | ||
+ | // network initially. | ||
+ | static const PROGMEM u1_t NWKSKEY[16] = { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }; | ||
+ | |||
+ | // LoRaWAN AppSKey, application session key | ||
+ | // This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the prototype TTN | ||
+ | // network initially. | ||
+ | static const u1_t PROGMEM APPSKEY[16] = { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }; | ||
+ | |||
+ | // LoRaWAN end-device address (DevAddr) | ||
+ | // See http://thethingsnetwork.org/wiki/AddressSpace | ||
+ | static const u4_t DEVADDR = 0x03FF0001 ; // <-- Change this address for every node! | ||
+ | |||
+ | int ledPin = 25; // select the pin for the LED | ||
+ | int16_t sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor | ||
+ | int counter = 0; | ||
+ | |||
+ | // These callbacks are only used in over-the-air activation, so they are | ||
+ | // left empty here (we cannot leave them out completely unless | ||
+ | // DISABLE_JOIN is set in config.h, otherwise the linker will complain). | ||
+ | void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { } | ||
+ | void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { } | ||
+ | void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { } | ||
+ | |||
+ | uint8_t mydata[] = "Empty"; | ||
+ | static osjob_t sendjob; | ||
+ | |||
+ | // Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty | ||
+ | // cycle limitations). | ||
+ | const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 60; | ||
+ | |||
+ | // Pin mapping | ||
+ | const lmic_pinmap lmic_pins = { | ||
+ | .nss = 6, | ||
+ | .rxtx = LMIC_UNUSED_PIN, | ||
+ | .rst = 5, | ||
+ | .dio = {2, 3, 4}, | ||
+ | }; | ||
+ | |||
+ | void onEvent (ev_t ev) { | ||
+ | Serial.print(os_getTime()); | ||
+ | Serial.print(": "); | ||
+ | switch(ev) { | ||
+ | case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_BEACON_FOUND: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_BEACON_MISSED: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_BEACON_TRACKED: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_JOINING: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_JOINED: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_RFU1: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_JOIN_FAILED: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_REJOIN_FAILED: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_TXCOMPLETE: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)")); | ||
+ | if(LMIC.dataLen) { | ||
+ | // data received in rx slot after tx | ||
+ | Serial.print(F("Data Received: ")); | ||
+ | Serial.write(LMIC.frame+LMIC.dataBeg, LMIC.dataLen); | ||
+ | Serial.println(); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | // Schedule next transmission | ||
+ | os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime()+sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_LOST_TSYNC: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_RESET: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_RESET")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_RXCOMPLETE: | ||
+ | // data received in ping slot | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_LINK_DEAD: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | case EV_LINK_ALIVE: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | default: | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("Unknown event")); | ||
+ | break; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | void do_send(osjob_t* j){ | ||
+ | // Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running | ||
+ | if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND) { | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending")); | ||
+ | } else { | ||
+ | // Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time. | ||
+ | LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata)-1, 0); | ||
+ | Serial.println(F("Packet queued")); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | // Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event. | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | // U8g2 Contructor List (Frame Buffer) | ||
+ | // The complete list is available here: https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2/wiki/u8g2setupcpp | ||
+ | U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_SW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0, /* clock=*/ 15, /* data=*/ 4, /* reset=*/ 16); | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | #define opennetlogobw_width 64 | ||
+ | #define opennetlogobw_height 64 | ||
+ | static unsigned char opennetlogobw_bits[] = { | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x07, | ||
+ | 0xfc, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, | ||
+ | 0x3f, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x06, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x03, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, | ||
+ | 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x30, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x38, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x07, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0xc0, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xe0, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x80, 0x01, 0x01, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x07, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0xe0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, | ||
+ | 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x80, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x03, | ||
+ | 0xc0, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x07, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x07, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x07, | ||
+ | 0xe0, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xfe, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x0c, 0xfc, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0xf0, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0xc0, 0x3f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x10, | ||
+ | 0x1e, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0xf8, 0x07, 0x7e, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x07, 0xf0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x07, | ||
+ | 0xc0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x03, 0x80, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xff, 0x01, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x03, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x04, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xe0, 0x01, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, | ||
+ | 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | void u8g2_bitmap_modes(uint8_t transparent) { | ||
+ | const uint8_t frame_size = 24; | ||
+ | u8g2.setDrawColor(1);// Black | ||
+ | u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 0, opennetlogobw_width, opennetlogobw_height, opennetlogobw_bits); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | void setup(void) { | ||
+ | ads.begin(); | ||
+ | |||
+ | u8g2.begin(); | ||
+ | u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x10_tf); | ||
+ | //https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2/wiki/fntgrpx11 | ||
+ | u8g2.setFontRefHeightExtendedText(); | ||
+ | u8g2.setDrawColor(1); | ||
+ | u8g2.setFontPosTop(); | ||
+ | u8g2.setFontDirection(0); | ||
+ | |||
+ | pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); | ||
+ | Serial.begin(115200); | ||
+ | Serial.println("Programm gestartet!"); | ||
+ | |||
+ | // // LMIC init | ||
+ | // os_init(); | ||
+ | // // Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded. | ||
+ | // LMIC_reset(); | ||
+ | // // Set static session parameters. Instead of dynamically establishing a session | ||
+ | // // by joining the network, precomputed session parameters are be provided. | ||
+ | // #ifdef PROGMEM | ||
+ | // // On AVR, these values are stored in flash and only copied to RAM | ||
+ | // // once. Copy them to a temporary buffer here, LMIC_setSession will | ||
+ | // // copy them into a buffer of its own again. | ||
+ | // uint8_t appskey[sizeof(APPSKEY)]; | ||
+ | // uint8_t nwkskey[sizeof(NWKSKEY)]; | ||
+ | // memcpy_P(appskey, APPSKEY, sizeof(APPSKEY)); | ||
+ | // memcpy_P(nwkskey, NWKSKEY, sizeof(NWKSKEY)); | ||
+ | // LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, nwkskey, appskey); | ||
+ | // #else | ||
+ | // // If not running an AVR with PROGMEM, just use the arrays directly | ||
+ | // LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, NWKSKEY, APPSKEY); | ||
+ | // #endif | ||
+ | // // Set up the channels used by the Things Network, which corresponds | ||
+ | // // to the defaults of most gateways. Without this, only three base | ||
+ | // // channels from the LoRaWAN specification are used, which certainly | ||
+ | // // works, so it is good for debugging, but can overload those | ||
+ | // // frequencies, so be sure to configure the full frequency range of | ||
+ | // // your network here (unless your network autoconfigures them). | ||
+ | // // Setting up channels should happen after LMIC_setSession, as that | ||
+ | // // configures the minimal channel set. | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(0, 868100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(1, 868300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7B), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(2, 868500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(3, 867100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(4, 867300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(5, 867500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(6, 867700000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(7, 867900000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band | ||
+ | // LMIC_setupChannel(8, 868800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_FSK, DR_FSK), BAND_MILLI); // g2-band | ||
+ | // // TTN defines an additional channel at 869.525Mhz using SF9 for class B | ||
+ | // // devices' ping slots. LMIC does not have an easy way to define set this | ||
+ | // // frequency and support for class B is spotty and untested, so this | ||
+ | // // frequency is not configured here. | ||
+ | |||
+ | // Disable link check validation | ||
+ | // LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0); | ||
+ | // // Set data rate and transmit power (note: txpow seems to be ignored by the library) | ||
+ | // LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF7,14); | ||
+ | // // Start job | ||
+ | // do_send(&sendjob); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | void loop(void) { | ||
+ | digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); | ||
+ | u8g2.clearBuffer(); | ||
+ | u8g2_bitmap_modes(0); | ||
+ | |||
+ | int16_t sensorValue; | ||
+ | |||
+ | sensorValue = ads.readADC_SingleEnded(0); | ||
+ | |||
+ | u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x10_tf); | ||
+ | char c[64]; | ||
+ | String str; | ||
+ | str = String(sensorValue); | ||
+ | Serial.println(str); | ||
+ | str.getBytes(mydata, 64); | ||
+ | // mydata will be sent in do_send() which is also called in case we receive a EV_TXCOMPLETE event | ||
+ | str.toCharArray(c, 64); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,0, "Sensor"); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,10, "readout:"); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,20, c); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,34, "LoRaWAN"); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,44, "message"); | ||
+ | str = String(counter); | ||
+ | Serial.println(str); | ||
+ | str.toCharArray(c, 64); | ||
+ | u8g2.drawStr(75,54, c); | ||
+ | counter++; | ||
+ | u8g2.sendBuffer(); | ||
+ | delay(2500); | ||
+ | digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); | ||
+ | delay(2500); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | * InfluxDB und Grafana [[Datei:mq135messwerte.png|mini|Verlauf der Sensor-Messwerte vom MQ-135]] |
Aktuelle Version vom 5. April 2018, 21:27 Uhr
Inhaltsverzeichnis |
[Bearbeiten] Anleitung für einen schnell zusammengebauten Sensor-Knoten mit LoRa-Interface
[Bearbeiten] Hintergrund
[Bearbeiten] Hardware-Stückliste
Name | Regierungszeit | Beschaffung |
---|---|---|
Ein auf der ESP32-Architektur basierendes Developer Board mit LoRa-Funkmodul (Detaillierte Vorstellung bei Heise), am besten mit OLED-Display, in Europa sind die Frequenzen um 433MHz oder 868MHz möglich. Unser erster Gateway arbeitet auf 868MHz. | Preise je nach Quelle zwischen 10 USD und 35 EUR. |
|
Sensor - wir wählen hier einen MQ-135, der eine recht allgemeine Aussage zur Luftqualität liefert (Benzol, Alkohol, Rauch, Ammoniak, Sulfide, Aromaten) | Ab 2 EUR beim Chinesen | |
ADS1115 AD-Wandler mit I2C (eigentlich könnte das Developer-Board AD-Wandeln auch direkt selbst, aber der oben beschriebene Typ verträgt nur 3,3V am Eingang und der MQ-135 liefert zwischen 0 und 5V am Ausgang, je nach Konzentration) | ca. 10 EUR | |
Optional Breadboard und Kabel für Versuchsaufbau | ca. 10 EUR |
[Bearbeiten] Entwicklungsumgebung einrichten
- Arduino IDE. Das hier verwendete Entwicklungs-Board mit ESP32 lässt sich unter anderem mittels Arduino IDE programmieren
- Eventuell braucht das entsprechende Betriebssystem einen Treiber für den auf dem Entwicklungs-Board vorhandenen USB-Serial-Converter
- Arduino Core API für ESP32 installieren
- In der Arduino IDE Treiber fürs Board installieren
[Bearbeiten] Software
- C-Code (Arduino-Style) zum Auslesen des Sensors und Versenden des Ergebnisses per LoRaWAN
#include <Arduino.h> #include <U8g2lib.h> //https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2 #include "esp_system.h" #include <lmic.h> #include <hal/hal.h> #include <SPI.h> #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_ADS1015.h> Adafruit_ADS1115 ads; /* Use this for the 16-bit version */ // LoRaWAN NwkSKey, network session key // This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the prototype TTN // network initially. static const PROGMEM u1_t NWKSKEY[16] = { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }; // LoRaWAN AppSKey, application session key // This is the default Semtech key, which is used by the prototype TTN // network initially. static const u1_t PROGMEM APPSKEY[16] = { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }; // LoRaWAN end-device address (DevAddr) // See http://thethingsnetwork.org/wiki/AddressSpace static const u4_t DEVADDR = 0x03FF0001 ; // <-- Change this address for every node! int ledPin = 25; // select the pin for the LED int16_t sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor int counter = 0; // These callbacks are only used in over-the-air activation, so they are // left empty here (we cannot leave them out completely unless // DISABLE_JOIN is set in config.h, otherwise the linker will complain). void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { } void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { } void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { } uint8_t mydata[] = "Empty"; static osjob_t sendjob; // Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty // cycle limitations). const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 60; // Pin mapping const lmic_pinmap lmic_pins = { .nss = 6, .rxtx = LMIC_UNUSED_PIN, .rst = 5, .dio = {2, 3, 4}, }; void onEvent (ev_t ev) { Serial.print(os_getTime()); Serial.print(": "); switch(ev) { case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT: Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT")); break; case EV_BEACON_FOUND: Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND")); break; case EV_BEACON_MISSED: Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED")); break; case EV_BEACON_TRACKED: Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED")); break; case EV_JOINING: Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING")); break; case EV_JOINED: Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED")); break; case EV_RFU1: Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1")); break; case EV_JOIN_FAILED: Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED")); break; case EV_REJOIN_FAILED: Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED")); break; break; case EV_TXCOMPLETE: Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)")); if(LMIC.dataLen) { // data received in rx slot after tx Serial.print(F("Data Received: ")); Serial.write(LMIC.frame+LMIC.dataBeg, LMIC.dataLen); Serial.println(); } // Schedule next transmission os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime()+sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send); break; case EV_LOST_TSYNC: Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC")); break; case EV_RESET: Serial.println(F("EV_RESET")); break; case EV_RXCOMPLETE: // data received in ping slot Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE")); break; case EV_LINK_DEAD: Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD")); break; case EV_LINK_ALIVE: Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE")); break; default: Serial.println(F("Unknown event")); break; } } void do_send(osjob_t* j){ // Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND) { Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending")); } else { // Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time. LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata)-1, 0); Serial.println(F("Packet queued")); } // Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event. } // U8g2 Contructor List (Frame Buffer) // The complete list is available here: https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2/wiki/u8g2setupcpp U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_SW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0, /* clock=*/ 15, /* data=*/ 4, /* reset=*/ 16); #define opennetlogobw_width 64 #define opennetlogobw_height 64 static unsigned char opennetlogobw_bits[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xfc, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x03, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x38, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x80, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x07, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x80, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x07, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x07, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x07, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xfe, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0xfc, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x10, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0xf8, 0x07, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x07, 0xf0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x07, 0xc0, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x03, 0x80, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x80, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x03, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xe0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0f, 0x80, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; void u8g2_bitmap_modes(uint8_t transparent) { const uint8_t frame_size = 24; u8g2.setDrawColor(1);// Black u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 0, opennetlogobw_width, opennetlogobw_height, opennetlogobw_bits); } void setup(void) { ads.begin(); u8g2.begin(); u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x10_tf); //https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2/wiki/fntgrpx11 u8g2.setFontRefHeightExtendedText(); u8g2.setDrawColor(1); u8g2.setFontPosTop(); u8g2.setFontDirection(0); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println("Programm gestartet!"); // // LMIC init // os_init(); // // Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded. // LMIC_reset(); // // Set static session parameters. Instead of dynamically establishing a session // // by joining the network, precomputed session parameters are be provided. // #ifdef PROGMEM // // On AVR, these values are stored in flash and only copied to RAM // // once. Copy them to a temporary buffer here, LMIC_setSession will // // copy them into a buffer of its own again. // uint8_t appskey[sizeof(APPSKEY)]; // uint8_t nwkskey[sizeof(NWKSKEY)]; // memcpy_P(appskey, APPSKEY, sizeof(APPSKEY)); // memcpy_P(nwkskey, NWKSKEY, sizeof(NWKSKEY)); // LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, nwkskey, appskey); // #else // // If not running an AVR with PROGMEM, just use the arrays directly // LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, NWKSKEY, APPSKEY); // #endif // // Set up the channels used by the Things Network, which corresponds // // to the defaults of most gateways. Without this, only three base // // channels from the LoRaWAN specification are used, which certainly // // works, so it is good for debugging, but can overload those // // frequencies, so be sure to configure the full frequency range of // // your network here (unless your network autoconfigures them). // // Setting up channels should happen after LMIC_setSession, as that // // configures the minimal channel set. // LMIC_setupChannel(0, 868100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(1, 868300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7B), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(2, 868500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(3, 867100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(4, 867300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(5, 867500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(6, 867700000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(7, 867900000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7), BAND_CENTI); // g-band // LMIC_setupChannel(8, 868800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_FSK, DR_FSK), BAND_MILLI); // g2-band // // TTN defines an additional channel at 869.525Mhz using SF9 for class B // // devices' ping slots. LMIC does not have an easy way to define set this // // frequency and support for class B is spotty and untested, so this // // frequency is not configured here. // Disable link check validation // LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0); // // Set data rate and transmit power (note: txpow seems to be ignored by the library) // LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF7,14); // // Start job // do_send(&sendjob); } void loop(void) { digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); u8g2.clearBuffer(); u8g2_bitmap_modes(0); int16_t sensorValue; sensorValue = ads.readADC_SingleEnded(0); u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_6x10_tf); char c[64]; String str; str = String(sensorValue); Serial.println(str); str.getBytes(mydata, 64); // mydata will be sent in do_send() which is also called in case we receive a EV_TXCOMPLETE event str.toCharArray(c, 64); u8g2.drawStr(75,0, "Sensor"); u8g2.drawStr(75,10, "readout:"); u8g2.drawStr(75,20, c); u8g2.drawStr(75,34, "LoRaWAN"); u8g2.drawStr(75,44, "message"); str = String(counter); Serial.println(str); str.toCharArray(c, 64); u8g2.drawStr(75,54, c); counter++; u8g2.sendBuffer(); delay(2500); digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); delay(2500); }
- InfluxDB und Grafana