Version vom 24. März 2018, 14:23 Uhr

Knowledge LoRa / LoRa-WAN

Einsatzmöglichkeiten

• Low Energy, low throughput, high bandwidth, long range Übertragung
• Beispiel Sensordaten
• Über LoRa-WAN auch Anbindung ans Internet, im Idealfall überall, dazu Gateways notwendig
• https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Things_Network stellt solche Gateways als Community bereit
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cIGzwH-NI8

Protokoll

LoRaWAN Klassen (ausLoRaWAN Backend Interfaces 1.0 Specification)

• Layer 1 - Chirp Spread Spectrum
  • https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_Spread_Spectrum
  • In Europa Frequenzen 433 MHz (ISM-Band Region 1) und 868 MHz (SRD-Band Europa)
  • Reichweiten von 2 km (Stadtgebiet) über 15 km (Vororte) bis zu 40 km (ländliche Gebiete)

• Layer 2
  • Bi-directional end-devices (Class A): End-devices of Class A allow for biirectional communications whereby each end-device’s uplink transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows. The transmission slot scheduled by the end-device is based on its own communication needs with a small variation based on a random time basis (ALOHA-type of protocol). This Class A operation is the lowest power end-device system for applications that only require downlink communication from the server shortly after the end-device has sent an uplink transmission. Downlink communications from the server at any other time will have to wait until the next scheduled uplink.
  • Bi-directional end-devices with scheduled receive slots (Class B): End-devices of Class B allow for more receive slots. In addition to the Class A random receive windows, Class B devices open extra receive windows at scheduled times. In order for the End-device to open its receive window at the scheduled time, it receives a time synchronized Beacon from the gateway.
  • Bi-directional end-devices with maximal receive slots (Class C): End-devices of Class C have nearly continuously open receive windows, only closed when transmitting. Class C end-device will use more power to operate than Class A or Class B but they offer the lowest latency for server to end-device communication.

• Layer 3
  • https://www.lora-alliance.org/for-developers
  • LoRa-WAN ist eine Möglichkeit, ein Low Power Wide Area Network zu errichten

LoRaWAN Network Reference Model (NRM), roaming End-Device (aus LoRaWAN Backend Interfaces 1.0 Specification)

Hardware

Gateways

• http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/117-lg01-p.html

Endgeräte

• Anwendungen vor allem Sensordaten erfassen, Fernsteuern, Überwachen

• Diverse "Shields" für Ardoino und Co.
  • https://www.amazon.de/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_de_DE=ÅMÅŽÕÑ&url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=lora+shield&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Alora+shield
  • http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield
  • https://stefan.schultheis.at/2018/lora-aprs-gw-raspberry-pi-zero/

• Raspberry
  • https://www.elektormagazine.de/news/lorawan-preiswert-und-einfach-mit-raspberry-pi-und-dragino

• Sonstiges
  • https://www.elektormagazine.de/news/review-einstieg-ins-iot-mit-lora-produkten-von-dragino

Server-Software

• https://www.loraserver.io
• https://github.com/TheThingsNetwork/ttn

• App-Server z.B. auch via AWS https://www.hackster.io/naresh-krish/integrating-lorawan-with-aws-iot-services-using-the-rak811-b0127d

Plan

Nutzen für Opennet

• Neues Projekt
• Bereitstellen eines Community LoRaWANs in Rostock und ggfs. sonstwo
• Eigene Nutzungsmöglichkeiten

Standorte

Bei 2km Reichweite in Städten würden wir mit den ersten drei Gateways schon die komplette Innenstadt abdecken.

Anbindung

Was wir tun müssten

• Gateways aufstellen
• LoRaWAN Network Server bereitstellen
• Eventuell Anbindung an The Things Network
• Standorte so planen, dass gesamte Stadt abgedeckt wird

Kosten

• Gateways ab 100,-EUR ohne Outdoor-Gehäuse und Antennen
• Eigene Clients zum Basteln je nach Anwendung

Hardware

• Unser erstes Gateway soll so aussehen: https://github.com/ttn-zh/ic880a-gateway/wiki
• Ein iC880A-SPI - LoRaWAN Concentrator 868 MHz bestellt - http://shop.imst.de/wireless-modules/lora-products/8/ic880a-spi-lorawan-concentrator-868-mhz

Merkzettel

• Raspberry PI: cheap LoRa gateway https://electronza.com/raspberry-pi-cheap-lora-gateway/
• http://de.farnell.com/the-things-network/ttn-un-868/the-things-uno-eu/dp/2675815
• http://de.farnell.com/das-einmaleins-des-lorawan
• https://www.rs-online.com/designspark/building-a-raspberry-pi-powered-lorawan-gateway
• https://www.amazon.de/MakerHawk-Entwicklungsbrett-Bluetooth-Doppelkern-0-96inch/dp/B076T28KWG
• https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B01N8SKD2I/ Pycom LoPy - IoT-Entwicklungsboard mit LoRa, WLAN und BLE
• https://www.exp-tech.de/search?sSearch=dragino LoRa Starter Kit 868